虚拟水视角下吉林省西部玉米耕作方式优化

Optimization of maize tillage methods in the west of Jilin Province in the viewpoint of virtual water

虚拟水研究是粮食安全与水资源安全的重要研究领域,目前的研究主要集中在宏观、中观层次上,微观层次研究甚少。为了探讨虚拟水微观层次的研究方法,本研究于2005～2007年在吉林省西部开展了玉米不同耕作方式下虚拟水变化的大田试验。通过分析6种耕作方式(65cm垄台、65cm垄沟、43cm垄台、43cm垄沟、98cm双行垄台、130cm三行垄台)之间单位质量玉米虚拟水含量的差异,及不同耕作方式对单位质量玉米虚拟水含量稳定性的影响,确定适合吉林省西部的最优玉米种植模式,以实现水资源高效利用,为解决水资源紧缺问题提供新思路。经过三年的大田试验,认为98cm双行垄台的耕作方式最佳,不仅虚拟水消耗量小,而且波动也较小,特别是在极端干旱年份其单位质量玉米虚拟水含量最低,建议本地区玉米种植方式应从65cm垄台种植改为98cm双行垄台种植。

Virtual water is an important research field of food security and water security, and the current research is mainly concentrated on the calculating methods of virtual water content, national or regional virtual water flow and the practicing significance of virtual water strategy, in other words, they mainly focus on macro and middle scales, seldom on micro level. In order to discuss the micro study of virtual water, we developed the field experiments of maize virtual water under different tillage methods in the west of Jilin Prov-ince during 2005-2007. There are 6 tillage methods which are 65-cm ridge stage, 65-cm ridge furrow, 43-cm ridge stage, 43-cm ridge furrow, 98-cm double-row ridge stage and 130-cm triple-row ridge stage. The optimal tillage method for maize can be confirmed by comparing the maize virtual water content per unit weight and its stability under the 6 kinds of tillage methods. Thereby, high efficient utilization of water resources can be real- ized and a new idea can be provided for solving the problem of water shortage. Through three years of field experiments, 98-cm double-row ridge stage is considered to be the best tillage method, in which the maize virtual water content per unit weight was lower with small fluctuation, especially the least virtual water in extreme drought year. Therefore, it is suggested that maize tillage method should be changed from 65-cm ridge stage to 98-cm double-row ridge stage in the study region.