当今文学理论(英文) 被引量：10

Literary Theory Today

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摘要此文是卡勒教授2011年10月20日在南京大学人文社会科学高级研究院的演讲稿,文章经卡勒教授授权刊发并重新修订过。在这篇演讲中,卡勒教授首先厘清所谓的文艺理论中"理论"这一特殊文类的所指及其构成。在此基础上,卡勒教授高屋建瓴地归述了与文学理论密切相关的重要学科对于当今文艺理论的影响,然后从六个方面剖析当今文学理论的新发展。这六个方面分别但并非依次是:叙事学、解构主义、理论伦理学、人-动物间互研究、生态批评、后人类理论。在归纳这些方面的新进展之后,作者再次回到关于文学本体的美学研究。卡勒教授是美国艺术与科学院院士,当代英语世界最具影响力的文学和文化研究理论家之一,代表性成果包括:《结构主义诗学》(Structuralist Poetics)、《论解构》(On Deconstruction)等。 It is a pleasure to have the opportunity to address the topic ＂Literary Theory Today＂ in the West. In order to do this I need to speak very briefly about what happened in literary and cultural studies in the recent past in Europe and America, although what I say here is doubtless well known to many. Major transformations oc- curred in the field of literary and cultural studies in the US and Western Europe, beginning in the late 1960s, under the impact of what is usually called just ＂theory＂ - a very strange usage, I admit. If you ask ＂theory of what.＇？＂ the answer is scarcely clear. What counted as ＂theory＂ was seldom theory of literature, in the sense of an account of the distinctive nature of literary works and the methodological principles for examining them as part of an academic discipline. Important works of theory by such authors as Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Ferdinand de Saussure, Claude Lrvi -Strauss, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucauh, Louis Ahhusser, Judith Butler, and many others did not deal with literature at all, or only marginally.

作者乔纳森·卡勒

出处《文艺理论研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2012年第4期77-85,共9页 Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

关键词文学理论英文人文社会科学结构主义诗学文艺理论解构主义理论伦理学南京大学

分类号 I0 [文学—文学理论]

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1For discussion of "theory" see Jonathan Culler, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 1997, chapter 1. There now exists a new edition with a revised bibliography and new final chapter, "Ethics and Aesthetics," published in 2011.
2For some discussions of the current situation of theory see Derek Attridge and Jane Elliott, eds. Theory after Theory, Routledge, 2010; Jonathan Culler, "Critical Paradigms," Introduction to "Literary Criticism for the 21st Century," PMLA, Vol. 125, No. 4, October 2010, and also the new final chapter of Culler, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, revised edition, 2011.
3Vicki Hearne, Adam' s Task ( Knopf, 1986). For "being with animals," see Donna Haraway, When Species Meet ( Minnesota, 2007).
4Two general sources for the question are Matthew Carlaco, Zoographies : The Question of the Animal from Heidegger to Derrida. ( Columbia, 2008 ), and Zoontologies : The Question of the Animal, ed. Cary Wolfe ( Minnesota, 2003 ).
5Laura Brown, Homeless Dogs and Melancholy Apes (Cornell, 2010).
6Lawrence Buell, Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond (Harvard, 2001 ) is an important early example. Greg Garrard, Ecocriticism (Routledge 2004) is a short, accessible introduction.
7Patricia Yeager, "Sea Trash, Dark Pools, and the Tragedy of the Commons," PMLA 225 (May 2010).
8Donna Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto," collected in her Simians, Cyborgs and Women (Routledge, 1991 ).
9See also, Cary Wolfe, What is Posthumanism? (Minnesota, 2010).
10For the ideological critique of aesthetics, see Terry Eagleton, The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Blackwell, 1991 ).