综合干预对美沙酮维持治疗者6个月后的效果评价

Evaluating the effect of comprehensive intervention on people treated with methadone maintenance for six months

目的:探讨综合干预对美沙酮维持治疗者6个月后的效果试点工作的成效。方法:对重庆市渝北区美沙酮维持治疗门诊于2006年9月-2010年6月收治的吸毒患者进行治疗前和治疗6个月后的问卷调查,比较治疗前后患者在药物滥用、性行为等方面的改变情况。结果:治疗后,过去一个月使用过毒品的人数、有注射吸毒行为的人数、注射吸毒次数、共针吸毒人数和共针总人数都较治疗前明显减少,其中使用过毒品人数由100%降至2.5%,注射吸毒次数由以≥61次组为主(58.1%)转变成以1-30次组为主(94.4%),共针总人数由最多6人减少到0,此三项差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);过去3个月的性伴数超过1人的由9.4%降至0.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),最近1次性行为安全套的使用率(30.7%)较治疗前(25.7%)有所增加且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者自我感觉目前与家人关系良好(79.8%)、过去1个月内没有或较少与吸毒朋友交往(99.2%)及目前有工作的人数(82.7%)都较治疗前(50.5%、60.2%和28.8%)显著增长且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:综合干预对美沙酮维持治疗者可明显减少毒品的使用和高危性行为并有利于恢复其各项社会功能,但仍需加强长期的系统社会心理综合干预维持并提高疗效。

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention on people treated with methadone maintenance for six months. Methods Drug abusers treated with methadone maintenance in clinics in Yubei District from Sep. 2006 to Nov. 2010 were surveyed with questionnaire. The patients＇ changes of drug abuse and sexual behavior before and after being treated were comparatively studied. Results After being treated, indexes of numbers of drug using, drug injection and sharing needle, and time of drug injection were significantly reduced,in which the number of drug using decreased from 100% to 2.5% , number of drug injection for the majority changed from group of more than 61 times （58.1%） to group of 1-30 times （94.4%） ,and the total number of sharing needle decreased from 6 to 0 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The proportion of people with more than one sexual partner in the past 3 months significantly decreased from 9.4% to O. 7% （ P 〈0.05 ）. The rate of condom using significantly increased from 25. 7% to 30.7%. And indexes of number of patients＇ self-feeling of favorable relationship with families, seldom contact with drug a-buser and had work were also significantly different before and after being treated. Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can sig-nificantly reduce drug use and high-risk sexual behavior in patients treated with methadone maintenance, and promote their recov- ery of social function. But long-term social and psychosoeial intervention is still needed to maintain and improve its effect.