从亲属词分类看民族语言对民族心理的影响

National Language Influences National Psychology: Evidence from Classifying Kinship Words

亲属关系基于血缘关系和婚姻关系形成,是个体首属的社会关系,被视为人类学研究的"王冠"。在每种语言中,都有表征亲属关系的词,即亲属词。亲属词蕴含着丰富的遗传、婚姻、社会和文化的信息,是文化人类学、语言学和民族心理学研究的重要内容。2001年以来,通过一系列对汉族大学生、汉族儿童及青少年、纳西族、摩梭人、傣族、基诺族、彝族和白族的亲属词分类研究,发现了不同民族亲属词的概念结构,揭示了影响亲属词分类的因素,显示了民族语言对民族心理的影响;揭示了语言影响亲属词分类的机制,为语言影响认知的理论提供了重要证据;揭示了不同民族的亲属关系的特点,为民族心理学的理论构建提供了重要资料。

The kinship, which is generally regarded as the initial social relationship of individuals, is formed on the basis of blood relationship and marriage. There are corresponding words to represent kinship in every language, which is called kinship words. Kinship words contain abundant information involving genetics, marriage, sociology and culture. Kinship words, the royal crown of anthropology and ethnonymics, are one of the most important topics in the field of anthropology, ethnonymics and linguistics, especially national psychology. Since 2001, by means of natural classifying, we explored the conceptual structure of kinship words among varied participant groups, including children, youngsters and undergraduates of different nationalities, such as the Han nationality, the Naxi nationality, the Moso, the Dai nationality, the Yi nationality, the Bai nationality and Jinuo nationality. The conceptual structure of kinship words varies from different nationalities. The series studies revealed the factors influencing the semantic categorization and conceptual organization, demonstrating that national language influenced national psychology; and revealed the mechanism of the impact of language on kinship words classifying, providing important evidences for the theories on the influences of language on cognition; and revealed the features of the different nationalities＇ kinship, providing important materials for the theoretical basis of the national psychology.