自杀“守门人”培训研究述评

A Review on the Suicide Gatekeeper Training

在西方国家,自杀"守门人"培训被认为是最有效的自杀预防策略之一。自杀"守门人"培训的具体内容包括传授基础知识、识别自杀征兆、初步评估自杀风险和转介自杀高危个体等4个方面;研究发现自杀"守门人"培训对受训者的知识、态度和干预技能有显著的积极影响,但其对自杀率的影响仍需今后的研究详细探讨;目前的研究存在以下不足:1)随机对照研究少;2)难以评估培训对自杀率的真实影响;3)评价指标单一,缺乏统一的评估工具。未来的研究应弥补现有研究的不足,并重视自杀"守门人"培训的跨文化研究。

Suicide gatekeeper training is considered to be the one of the most effective strategies of suicide prevention in western countries. The main contents of the suicide gatekeeper training include imparting the basic knowledge, identifying the signs of suicide, preliminarily assessing suicide risk and referring the individuals at high suicide risk. The suicide gatekeeper training had been showed to positively affect the knowledge, attitudes and skills of trainees by many researches, but the effect of the suicide gatekeeper training on suicide rates still needs future elucidation. There are some limitations in current studies： 1.There are few randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of the suicide gatekeeper training; 2.The real effects of the suicide gatekeeper training on the deduction of suicide rates are hard to prove; 3. We have no unified assessment tool to evaluate the effectiveness of gatekeeper training and the indicators we use to evaluate its effectiveness are too simple. In the future, more researches should be done to make up for the limitation of past studies and more emphasis should be placed on the cross-cultural research of evaluating the unique effect of the suicide gatekeeper training.