白人政府干预政策与南非劳动力市场供求结构的变化

On White Government's Interference Policy and the Change of South African Labour Market Supply-Demand Structure

19世纪末南非面临劳动密集型的矿业和农场劳动力供不应求的严重问题。为扩大劳动力供给,南非白人政府强制推行保留地制度和流动劳工制度。然而,从20世纪50年代末开始,面对非洲人城市化浪潮,出于种族隔离目的,南非白人政府推行家园制度和资本密集型产业发展模式,并导致南非劳动力市场供求结构出现新的严重失衡:家园制度造成劳动力供给不断增加的同时,资本密集型产业减少对劳动力的需求,劳动力市场供给远远超过劳动力需求,众多人口随之陷入长期失业。时至今日,失业问题仍是南非社会长期发展面临的一大难题。

By the end of the 19th century, the white government forcedly in- troduced the systems of reserves and migrant labour to expand supply of labour force for the labour - intensive mines and farms. Facing with Africans moving into cities in 1950s, the white government encouraged the development of the capital -intensive industry by using capital instead of labour to reduce the demand for African workers while introducing the black homelands for the purpose of apartheid. As the white government＇ s intervention led to labour supply far exceeding the demand for labour, many people became unemployed. Since then on, unemployment has been a diffi- cult problem the South African society must face.