从哲学革命到资本批判——重释马克思哲学革命的历史、逻辑与实质

From Philosophical Revolution to Critique of Capital——A Reinterpretation of Marx's Philosophical Revolution in Its History,Logic and Essence

传统教科书模式系统地遮蔽了马克思的哲学革命与资本批判、历史唯物主义建构与政治经济学批判的统一性,因而也就肢解了马克思主义理论的整体性。要超越这种片面的解释模式,亟需阐明哲学革命与资本批判的统一性,并重新理解马克思哲学革命的历史、逻辑与实质等根本性问题。从历史视角看,马克思哲学革命的核心内容是资本主义社会批判与人的自由全面发展的问题意识不断生成、历史唯物主义与政治经济学相统一的科学方法不断成熟的过程。从逻辑视角看,马克思哲学革命内含新唯物主义世界观、历史唯物主义和资本主义批判三个理论层面,三者彼此交织,结合为一个理论整体。由此,马克思哲学革命的实质就是"哲学—政治经济学"总体性革命,其核心在于哲学革命与资本批判、历史唯物主义建构与政治经济学批判的统一。马克思哲学革命的根本意旨并不在于建立某种包罗万象的思辨哲学体系,而是在于开启资本主义社会的自我批判与内在超越的历史路径。

The traditional textbook model dismembered the integrity of the theory of Marxism by overshadowing the unity of Marx＇s philosophical revolution and critique of capital, and the unity of historical materialism construction and critique of political economy. If we want to exceed this one- sided interpretation model and promote contemporary interpretation and Construction of historical materialism, we must clarify the unity of the philosophical revolution and the critique of capital, and reinterpret the history, logic and essence of Marx＇s philosophical revolution. From a historical perspective, Marx＇s philosophical revolution is the growing process of the problem consciousness of critique of capitalism and the scientific method of historical materialism and political economy. From a logical perspective, Marx＇s philosophical revolution includes three theoretical levels： the new materialist worldview, the historical materialism and the capitalism critique, which are intertwined as a whole. Thus, the essence of Marx＇s philosophical revolution is ＂philosophy-political economy＂ total revolution, of which the core is the unity of philosophical revolution and critique of capital, and the unity of historical materialism and critique of political economy. The fundamental intention of Marx＇s philosophical revolution does not lie in a kind of speculative philosophy, but rather to open the historical path of self-criticism and inner transcendence in capitalist society.