逆动态的跨语言研究

Antipassive from a typological perspective

逆动态属于语态范畴,常见于作格语言。其派生方式是对底层及物句的(直接)宾语进行操作,使相关的句子变成不及物句。逆动态也存在于宾格语言中,主动、被动、逆动三种语态具有跨语言共性。本文首先讨论逆动态的特点及跨语言表现,然后分别讨论作格语言逆动句的特点及分类、逆动态在宾格语言英语中的研究。文章最后指出,汉语的"把"字句与逆动态有相当高的一致性,是逆动态在汉语中的具体表现,可以纳入语言共性行列中。

As a voice category typically found in ergative languages,antipassive is derived by demoting the direct object in the underlying active-transitive construction,thereby making the construction an intransitive one.Also occurring in accusative languages,the antipassive voice,like the active and the passive voice,constitutes a cross-linguistically universal grammatical phenomenon.This paper first discusses the properties and cross-linguistic manifestations of antipassive,its characteristics and classification in ergative languages,and then reviews the study of antipassives in English as an ergative language.It is found that that there exists a high correlation between the antipassive construction and the Chinese ba construction,and that as a realization of the antipassive voice in Chinese,the ba construction could also be regarded as a linguistic universal.