俄罗斯节能立法及参与国际新能源合作的趋势

The tendency of Russian energy conservation legislation and participation in international new energy cooperation

俄罗斯于20世纪90年代中期颁布首部《节能法》,开始了在节能领域的立法探索。21世纪以来,在全球气候变化的背景下,俄政府在节能减排和提高能源利用效率等方面陆续出台一系列法律法规,致力于为贯彻节能措施创造良好的经济环境和建立有利于资源节约的市场机制。为了实现所承担的节能减排义务,俄罗斯能源战略首次把发展新能源提升到战略高度,将对本国能源公司参与新能源发展的国际合作提供外交支持,现阶段的重点是发展核电和水电。凭借先进的核技术,俄政府制定了全面的核能发展计划。在世界核能领域,俄罗斯通过与铀储量丰富的国家开展合作,力求掌握国际核燃料的供应权,进而在全球核能市场占据主导地位。近年来,中俄在核电、水电等新能源领域的合作取得突破性进展,既有利于中国企业"走出去"拓展新市场,更可为中俄整体经贸关系和政治关系的健康发展奠定坚实基础。

Russia has started probing on legislation of energy conservation since the mid - 1990s when it promulgated the first law on Energy Conservation Law. In the context of global climate change since the beginning of the 21st century the Russian government has rolled out a series of laws and regulations on emission reductions and upgraded energy efficiencies and dedicated itself to implementing energy conservation measures for the purpose of bettering the economic environment and building a market mechanism favorable to low - cost resources. To realize the commitments to emissions control,the Russian energy strategy has enhanced the energy development program to a strategic height for the first time,providing diplomatic support to its domestic energy companies for participating in international cooperation. The key point development at the present period focuses on nuclear and hydro - electricity. By means of its advanced nuclear technology,the Russian government has stipulated a comprehensive plan of nuclear development. In the global nuclearsphere,Russia develops cooperation with uranium - rich countries in a bid to master the supplying status of international nuclear fuels and even to occupying a leading position in the global nuclear market. In recent years China and Russia have made a breakthrough in their cooperation in new energy such as nuclear and hydro electricity. Which is not only favorable to China in its enterprises trying to expand new markets outside China, but still more,to laying a firm foundation for the healthy development of China - Russia integral economic and trade as well as political relationships.