俄罗斯地缘空间形成与拓展的历史基础

The historical foundation of Russian geopolitical space formation and expansion

空间是一个国家物质文明和精神文明的总和,是历史的积淀。俄罗斯"新欧亚主义"学派的代表人物、俄罗斯地缘政治学家亚历山大·杜金教授指出,空间是地缘政治学的一个基本概念,它不是数量范围,而是质量范畴。杜金进而认为,空间的结构往往决定历史的结构,首先是政治历史的结构。据此本文认为,俄罗斯空间形成与拓展的历史基础是东欧平原,俄罗斯的空间扩张始于欧洲,沙俄帝国时期的空间扩张转向远东。沙俄兴于扩张,也败于扩张。苏联时期继续进行空间扩张,俄罗斯独立后其地缘空间发生了新的变化。

Space is the sum total of a country’s material as well as ethical and cultural development; it is the accumulation of history. Professor Alexander Dugin,champion of Russian New Eurasian shool and Russian geopolitical scientist,pointed out that space is a basic concept in geopolitics. It is not only a matter of quantity,but a matter of quality. He further pointed out that the structure of space decides that of history,and above all,that of political history. Based on this,the article considers that the historical basis for the formation and expansion of Russian space is the plain of East Europe. Russian space first expanded from Europe and then to the Far East during the Czarist period. Czarist Russia experienced both prosperity and decline in its expansion. The USSR period continued space expansion and geopolitical space of Russia has made new changes since its independence.