盆栽榕树蓟马种类及优势种榕管蓟马对寄主植物的致害性

Species of thrips on potted ficus and the degree of damage to different host plants by the dominant species Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

为明确盆栽榕树蓟马的种类,了解蓟马优势种对在同一温室内混合种植的榕属及非榕属盆栽植物的致害性差异,以福建漳州、福州和泉州等地的盆栽榕树种植基地为观测点,采集榕树叶片,调查蓟马种类,确定优势种蓟马;以天南星科喜林芋属、紫葳科菜豆树属、木棉科瓜栗属和桑科榕属等不同科属盆栽植物为试验材料,测试榕管蓟马Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman对寄主植物的致害性。结果表明:盆栽榕树蓟马种类有2亚目,2科,8属,9种,优势种为榕管蓟马,常见种为棘腿管蓟马Androthrips ramachandrai Karny和榕腿管蓟马Mesothrips jordani Zimmermann,其他6种蓟马均为偶见种。榕管蓟马对不同寄主植物的致害性差异显著,以对桑科榕属植物致害性为最强,而对天南星科喜林芋属、紫葳科菜豆树属和木棉科瓜栗属等其他植物的致害性较弱。在6种榕属植物中,榕管蓟马对垂叶榕Ficus benjamina Linn.、榕树F.microcarpa Linn.f.、花叶垂叶榕F.benjamina cv.Golden Princess等3种榕属植物的为害等级均达3级以上,以垂叶榕最重,榕树次之,花叶垂叶榕略轻;对金叶榕F.microcarpa cv.Golden Leaves、黑叶橡胶榕F.elastica cv.Deocora Burgundy、斑叶橡胶榕F.elastica var.variegata等3种榕属植物的为害很轻,为害等级均仅为1级;同时,榕管蓟马在金叶榕、黑叶橡胶榕和斑叶橡胶榕上繁殖力弱、无法完成世代,而在榕树、垂叶榕和花叶垂叶榕上繁殖力强、能完成世代,但以在垂叶榕上的发育情况最好。研究可为选择利用寄主植物抗虫性来有效防控盆栽榕树蓟马提供技术支撑。

To investigate the thrips species on potted ficus and to understand the damage difference by dominant thrips to Ficus and non-Ficus potted plants mixing planted in the same greenhouse, we collected the leaves of potted Ficus plants from the Ficus Planting-Demonstration Base of Zhangzhou, Fuzhou and Quanzhou, surveyed the thrips species and determined the dominant species, and the damage degree by Gynaikothrips uzeli Zimmerman on different host plants including Araceae Philodenron, Bignoniaceae Radermachera, Bombacaceae Pachira and Moraceae Ficus potted plants was also investigated. The results showed that there were 9 thrips species belonging to eight genera of two families in two suborders on potted ficus, of which G. uzeli was the dominant species, Androthrips ramachandrai Karny and Mesothrips jordani Zimmermann were the common species, and the other six thrips species were the occasional species. A narrow host range of G. uzeli was found. G. uzeli had the most serious damage to Moraceae Ficus, but had the weaker damage to Philodendron, Radermachera, and Pachira plants. Of the six Ficus species, the damage degrees of G. uzeli reached higher than level three to Ficus benjamina Linn., F. microcarpa Linn. f. and F. benjamina cv. Golden Princess, of which G. uzeli caused the highest damage to the F. benjamina Linn., the second highest damage to F. microcarpa Linn. f. and the milder damage to F. benjamina cv. Golden Princess. The damages of the pest were only level one to F. microcarpa cv.Golden Leaves, F. elastica cv. Deocora Burgundy and F. elastica var. variegata. G. uzeli had higher fecundity on F. microcarpa Linn. f. F. benjamina Linn. and F. benjamina cv. Golden Princess, and could complete one generation on them, but had the best developmental performance on F. benjamina Linn. G. uzeli had lower fecundity on F. microcarpa cv. Golden Leaves, F. elastica cv. Deocora Burgundy and F. elastica var. variegata, and could not complete one generation on them. These results offer the basic information for the control of thrips on potted ficus using host preference.