青岛地区变应性鼻炎患病与卫生服务需求及利用的研究

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and survey analysis of health service needs and utilization in Qingdao area

目的了解青岛地区变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）卫生服务需求和卫生服务利用情况。方法采用多阶段抽样及整群抽样相结合的方法对青岛地区的常住居民进行有关AR的问卷调查。调查数据采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计学分析。结果发放问卷总数为2400份，有效问卷为2052份，有效率为85．5％。总的2周患病率为6．4％，其中男性2周患病率为6．5％，女性2周患病率为6．2％，男、女间差异无统计学意义（X2=0．103，P〉0．05）。总的就诊率为1．7％，未就诊率为4．7％；2周内患者就诊率为26．7％（35／131），2周内患者未就诊率为73．3％（96／131）。未就诊的首要原因是：自我感到症状轻不予理会的占49．0％。在对AR的认知情况中：听说过AR的占60．2％（1235／2052）；认为AR就是上呼吸道感染的为30．0％（616／2052）。结论AR就诊率小于患病率，就诊率较低的首要原因是大部分患者认为症状轻没有必要就诊。

Objective To investigate the need and utilization for health services in patients with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao area. Methods An investigation was conducted by the method of combining multi-stage sampling and cluster sampling. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyse the data. Results Among Two thousand and four hundred questionnaires, two thousand and fifty-two questionnaires were available. The effective rate was 85.5%. The total two-week prevalence in male was 6.5%, while that in female was 6.2%. There was no significant difference between male and female（ X2 = 0. 103, P 〉 0.05）. The total ratio of those who visited doctors was 1.7%. The ratio of those who visited doctors in the first two weeks was 26.7% （35/131）. 49.0% of non-users of health service thought it was unnecessary to consult a doctor because of mild symptoms. In the investigation about the allergic rhinitis, 60. 2% patients （1235/2052） confessed that they heard of allergic rhinitis, 30.0% patients （616/2052） thought of allergic rhinitis was common cold. Conclusions The number of patients treated for allergic rhinitis was less than its prevalence. The primary reason for low attendance was that the majority of patients with mild symptoms thought it was no need to see a doctor. In order to improve the residents＇ health services utilization, medical education for allergic rhinitis is necessary.