长远航环境下成人晕船习服适应能力的研究

Habituation of seasickness in adults during a long voyage

目的探讨长远航情况下医院船海上医院人员的晕船习服适应能力。方法应用晕船调查表和晕船视觉模拟评分，对执行“和谐使命2011”任务的106名医院船海上医院人员（男59人，女47人，年龄23～53岁，平均37．2岁）的晕船发生率及程度情况进行多阶段连续观察。结果初始阶段的晕船发生率为72．64％，其中女性及有晕船（车）史者的晕船发生率（80．85％、93．75％）及程度明显高于男性及无晕船（车）史者（66．10％、63．51％，P值均〈0．05）。航行2周后，随着航程的延长，晕船发生率及程度逐渐降低，但当海况恶劣时，晕船发生率略有回升。总的晕船适应率为62．33％，男性晕船适应率（76．92％）明显高于女性（47．37％），差异具有统计学意义（X2=7．161，P=0．007）。结论长远航2周后逐渐出现晕船适应现象，男性比女性更容易适应。海况情况会影响晕船的适应。

Objective To observe the habituation of seasickness in non marine subjects during a long voyage. Methods A crew of 106 staffs of the Hospital Ship Ark Peace was included in this study. There were 59 male and 47 female with an age ranged from 23 to 53 years （ mean 37.2 years）. They all took part in the Mission Harmony 2011 for medical service in four countries around the Caribbean Sea. Questionnaires and visual analogue scales （VAS） were used to investigate the prevalence and degree of the seasickness in different periods. Results The prevalence of seasickness was 72. 64% in the initial period of voyage. The prevalence and degree of seasickness in female and in staff with motion sickness history were higher and more severe than that in male and in staff without motion sickness history（ P 〈0. 05 ）. After two weeks, the prevalence and degree of seasickness decreased, which meant habituation of seasickness occurred. With the voyage going longer, the prevalence and degree of seasickness were further decreased, but the severe sea condition make the prevalence and degree of seasickness worse. The rate of habituation of seasickness was 62. 33% , and the habituation rate of seasickness in male（76. 92% ） was higher than that in female（47.37% ） （ X2 = 7. 161, P = 0. 007 ）. Conclusions The habituation of the seasickness occurred after two weeks in a long voyage. Male are easier to get habituation of seasickness than female. The severe sea condition influences the prevalence and degree of seasickness.