学龄儿童与青年人言语诱发听性脑干反应的比较

Comparison of the basic characters of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response between school-age children and young adults

目的比较学龄儿童与青年人言语诱发听l生脑干反应（speech-ABR）的基本特征，探讨学龄期儿童脑干言语处理能力的发育情况。方法对纯音听阈、声导抗、耳声发射和短声听性脑干反应（click-ABR）测试结果均正常的20名青年人（21～26岁）和18名学龄儿童（6～11岁）行speech-ABR测试。刺激声为/da／音，采用插入式耳机，右耳给声。结果学龄儿童与青年人speech-ABR波形均由瞬态反应（V、A、C、O波）及周期性反应（D、E、F波）等几部分构成。学龄儿童的O波潜伏期（47．80±0．38）ms短于青年人（48．10±0．40）ms，差异具有统计学意义（t=2．330，P：0．026）；学龄儿童F波波幅（-0．21±0．15）μV大于青年人（-0．12±0．08）μV，差异具有统计学意义（t=2．146，P=0．043）；二者其余各波的潜伏期及波幅差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。结论学龄儿童与青年人speech．ABR的基本特征相近，其脑干言语处理能力不亚于青年人。

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the basic characters of the speech- evoked auditory brainstem response （speeeh-ABR） between young adults and school-age children. Methods Speech-ABR of thirty eight normal hearing subjects including eighteen school-age children and twenty young adults were recorded. The speech syllahle/da/as stimulus sound was transmitted to right ear by insertion the earphones in speech-ABR test. Results Response waves of speech-ABR in school-age children were similar to those in young adults, which contained the onset response （peak V and A）, the transition （peak C）, the frequency following responses （peak D, E and F） and the offset response （peak O）. Both the latency and amplitude showed no significant difference in all waves between young adults and school-age children, except the latency of wave O and amplitude of wave F. The latency of O wave in school-age children （47.80 ± 0. 38 ） ms were significantly shorter than that in adults （ 48.10 ±0.40） ms （ t = 2. 330, P = 0. 026）. The amplitude of F wave in school-age children （ -0. 21± 0. 15 ）μV were significantly larger than that in adults （ - 0. 12 ± 0. 08 ） μV （ t = 2. 146, P = 0. 043 ）. Conclusion Both the latency and amplitude of the speech ABR in school age children at 6--11 years old show the great similarity with the young adults, which indicate that the ability of speech processing of brainstem in children has completely reached maturity.