武汉地区2707例变应性鼻炎患者变应原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

Investigation of skin prick test on 2707 patients with allergic rhinitis in Wuhan area

目的了解武汉地区变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）患者各变应原阳性率变化情况，从而为AR的防治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2006--2010年5年间武汉地区2707例确诊为AR患者的皮肤点刺试验结果，比较各变应原阳性率在这5年间里分布上的差异及变化趋势。以SPSS17．0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果屋尘螨与粉尘螨5年问阳性率呈增加趋势，且差异有统计学意义（x。值分别为12．11、11．11，P值均〈0．05），其中屋尘螨由2006年的84．5％增加到2010年的90．5％，差异有统计学意义（X2=6．88，P〈0．05）；粉尘螨由2006年的81．5％增加到2010年的89．0％，差异有统计学意义（X2=9．68，P〈0．05）；艾蒿、豚草、真菌Ⅰ和真菌Ⅱ5年间阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义（X2值分别为194．10、67．06、18．95、36．62，P值均〈0．05），且艾蒿、豚草变应原致敏呈下降趋势，真菌Ⅰ和真菌Ⅱ呈现增长趋势。结论尘螨依然是武汉地区近5年来AR患者最常见的变应原，并有增长的趋势；真菌过敏在AR患者中呈逐年上升的趋势；豚草和艾蒿过敏在AR患者中呈下降趋势。

Objective To investigate the distribution of common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis（AR） from 2006 to 2010 in Wuhan area, and provide the objective evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR. Methods The medical records of skin prick test （SPT） performed on 2707 AR patients from 2006 to 2010 were restrospeetively analysed, and the positive rate of different allergens and changing trends in this time were compared. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyse the data. Results There were significant differences among the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus positive rate （ X2 = 12.11, P 〈 0.05 ） and Dermatophagoides farinae positive rate （ X2 = 11.11 , P 〈 0.05 ） in the past 5 years. Meanwhile, there was an upward trend in the positive rate of dust mite, which the positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus increased from 84. 5% in 2006 to 90.5% in 2010 （X2 = 6. 88, P 〈 0.05 ）, positive rate of Dermatophagoides farinae increased from 81.5% in 2006 to 89.0% in 2010 （X2 = 9. 68, P 〈 0.05 ） ; There were significant differences among the Mugwort and Ragweed positive rate of 5 years （ X2 = 194. 10, P 〈 0. 05 ; X2 = 67.06, P 〈 0. 05 ）. There were significant differences among the mold Ⅰ and mold Ⅱpositive rate of 5 years between （ X2 = 18.95, P 〈 0. 05 ; X2 = 36.62, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Meanwhile, there was an upward trend in the positive rate of mold and fluctuant trend in the positive rate of spring-pollen. Conclusions Nearly five years, dust mites is still the most common allergens in AR patients, presenting upward trend; the positive rate of mold presenting upward trend; the positive rate of wormwood and guineawood presenting downward trend; the positive rate of pollen presenting fluctuant trend.