珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

Study on the Pteridophyte Flora of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

在野外实地调查和室内标本整理以及查阅文献的基础上,对珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区蕨类植物区系进行研究,为探讨喜马拉雅植物区系的起源以及该区生物多样性的保护提供资料。结果表明:(1)珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区共有蕨类植物193种,隶属于31科59属,其中优势科为鳞毛蕨科(51种)、水龙骨科(41种)、蹄盖蕨科(22种)、铁角蕨科(10种),优势属为耳蕨属(27种)、鳞毛蕨属(20种)、瓦韦属(17种)。(2)科的分布区类型有8种,以泛热带分布型(55.56%)为主;属的分布区类型有14种,以泛热带分布型(23.81%)、中国-喜马拉雅分布型(19.05%)为主;蕨类植物以土生(55.88%)为主,石生(24.35%)和附生(21.76%)也占有一定比例,缺乏水生蕨类。(3)珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区蕨类植物区系成分与南迦巴瓦峰地区联系最为密切,其次为横断山地区和尼泊尔,与九塞沟自然保护区、秦岭地区有一定的联系,与西双版纳地区的关系较为疏远。

Using the methods of field investigations,indoor data statistics and reference compiling,we studied the pteridophyte flora in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.The result showed that：（1）There are 193 species in this Nature Reserve,belonging to 59 genera and 31 families,respectively.Their dominant families are Dryopteridaceae（51）,Polypodiaceae（41）,Athyriaceae（22） and Aspleniaceae（10）,while the dominant genera are Polystichum（27）,Dryopteris（20） and Lepisorus（17）.（2）There are eight family-areal types dominated by Pantropical type and 14 genera-areal types dominated by Pantropical and Sino-Himalayan.types.The habitat-types are most of compositions of authochthonal,following by the compositions of lithophilous and adnascent pteridophyte.We do not found any kind of hydropteridales in this reserve.（3）The flora of Qomolangma National Reserve has strong phylogenetic relationship with the Mt.Namjagbarwa region,following by the Kongpo Nature Reserve and the Hengduan Mountains and Nepal.The floristic composition of this reserve is also similar to the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Qinling Mountain Range,whereas has weak relationship with Xishuangbanna area.