精原干细胞移植及受体制备技术研究进展

Advances of the Technology of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation and Recipient Preparation

精原干细胞移植为研究精子发生、雄性生殖能力及新型转基因技术奠定了基础。尽管已利用小鼠建立了较成熟的移植技术体系,白消安受体制备法和曲细精管及睾丸网移植法已得到广泛应用,但白消安可导致动物较高的死亡率,局部射线照射和无内源性精子发生受体动物的制备费用较昂贵,热处理受体制备法应用范围较窄且效果不稳定;三种移植方法均对操作有较高的技术要求,曲细精管、睾丸输出管移植需要显微注射装置,而睾丸网移植需要超声仪的辅助。而且,移植效果在不同实验间、物种间差异较大,移植效率有待提高,对移植排斥反应的认识也有待进一步深入。对睾丸结构和精原干细胞生物学特性的深入研究,将有助于建立更简单高效的受体制备和移植的方法。

Spermatogonial stem cell （SSCs） transplantation laid the foundation for the study on spermatogenesis, male fertility and the new transgenic technology. Mature technology system of SSCs transplantation has been established in mice. The receptor preparation method of busulfan treatment, and the transplantation methods of seminiferous tubule injection and fete testis injection have been widely used in this scientific area. However, busulfan treatment can lead to a high mortality ; It costs much to prepare receptor animal using local irradiation and the animal emptied from endogenous stem cells; The receptor preparation method of heat shock is limited for application and its effect is unstable. All three transplantation methods require high operating techniques. Inject seminiferous tubule and efferent ducts need apparatus for microinjecting testis, while the catheter should be inserted into the rete testis under ultrasound guidance. The transplantation results are quite distinct among different experiments and species, and the efficiency needs to be further improved. The immunological rejection after transplantation also should be explored. A deep study on testieular structure and biological characteristics of SSCs will help to establish novel, simple and efficient methods for receptor preparation and transplantation of SSCs.