微生物分子生态学研究方法的新进展

The New Development of the Research Method for Molecular Microbial Ecology

环境中微生物的群落结构及多样性和微生物的功能及代谢机理是微生物生态学的研究热点,长期以来,由于受到研究技术的限制,对微生物的群落结构和多样性的认识还不全面,微生物的功能及代谢机理方面了解也很少。随着高通量测序、基因芯片等新技术的不断更新,微生物分子生态学的研究方法和研究途径也在不断变化。高通量测序技术改变了微生物多样性、宏基因组学和宏转录组学的研究方法,GeoChip高密度覆盖海量已知功能的基因探针于单张芯片,能快速确定微生物和已知功能基因的存在与否。总结和比较了目前最新的研究手段,并归纳了这些方法的适用性和优缺点。

Microbial community structure and functional metabolism are the research hotspots of microbial ecology. However, the research method of microbial community structure and functional metabolism has been limited by technique for a long time. With the development of new techniques, the research approaches for molecular microbial ecology have being changed High-throughput sequencing technology has ameliorated the research method of microbial diversity, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Meanwhile GeoChip which covered large amount of known functional oligonucleotide probes in single chip could determine the presence or absence of microbes and functional genes quickly. The newest research approaches for molecular microbial ecology study were reviewed and compared, and the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of those approaches were discussed.