鱼粮苗语六平调和三域六度标调制

Six Level Tones in Yuliang Miao and the Triple-register and Six-level Tonal Model

贵州凯里市湾水镇鱼粮村苗语一共有七个声调,除第七声是高降短调,其余六个都是平调。这是迄今获知的惟一一个六平调案例,其中最高的发声带有张声(或假声),次之三个是普通清声态,最低的两个都带有气声。这种声调系统需要用"分域四度制"来表达。声域由发声态定义。音节学中有假声、张声、清声、僵声、带声、气声六大发声态,一共定义高中低三个声域。

This paper reports on a six-level-tone system, found in a Miao variety spoken in the Yuliang village, Wanshui Township, Kaili City, Guizhou province. Among the seven tones in Yuliang Miao, only T7 （a short high falling） is a non-level one. This is the only case of six level tones so far found by us in tone languages. Among the six level tones, the highest one （T2） is produced with fortis voice or falsetto, the lowest two （T5 and T6） are produced with breathy voice, and the remaining three are produced with normal clear voice, voicelessness. To represent this kind of tonal system, we need a new Multi-register Four-level-tone Tonal Model. The phonological registers are defined with six phonation types： falsetto, fortis, voicelessness, breathy, model, and stiff voices.