中学生肺结核病1305名健康教育效果评价

Evaluation of Tuberculosis Health Education Among 1305 Middle School Students in Fengxiang County of Shaanxi Province

目的:了解中学生对结核病基本知识以及国家免费治疗政策的知晓率,探讨在中学生中开展结核病健康教育的方法。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,利用结核病防治核心知识问卷,对陕西省凤翔县某中学2010年三年级1 342人进行结核病相关知识的健康教育,对活动开展前后的问卷调查结果进行对比。结果:健康教育活动开展前,47.5%的学生听说过肺结核,50.42%的学生知道结核有传染性,对结核的主要症状知晓率在22.99%～38.77%,对结核病的传播途径知晓率为24.83%,知道国家有免费治疗政策的有24.83%。干预后,85.11%的人知道结核有传染性,结核的主要症状知晓率在62.60%～84.05%,对结核病的传播途径知晓率为70.22%,知道国家有免费治疗政策的有81.48%。干预后学生对肺结核相关知识的知晓率显著提高(P<0.05 or P<0.01)。结论:健康教育活动可以增加中学生群体对结核病防治知识的知晓率。

Objective： Discussing the methods to develop tuberculosis health education activities about among middle school students by investigating the awareness rate of basic knowledge concerning tuberculosis and the government＇s free treatment policy. Methods：Health education program concerning key knowledge of tuberculosis was carried out among 1342 students from a middle school in Fengxiang County randomly selected by cluster sampling, then the results of questionares before and after the program were compared. Results： Before the health education program, 47.59% of the students heared about tuberculosis, 50. 42% of the studnts knew the infectiousness of tuberculosis, the awareness rate of the main symptoms of tuberclossis was from 22. 99% to 38.77% and that of the transmission route was 24. 83% , and 24. 83% of the students knew the free treatment policy. After health education intervation, 85.11% of the students knewthat tuberculosis was infectious, the awareness rate of the main symptoms of tuberclossis was from 62. 60% to 84.05% and that of the transmission route was 70. 22%, and 81.48% of the students knew the free treatment policy. The percentage of stuents who were aware of the basic knowledge concerning tuberculosis was improved significantly （ P〈0. 05 or P〈O. O1 ）. Conclusions：Health education can significantly raise the awareness rate of basic knowledge concerning tuberculosis prevention and treatment among middle school students.