中哈边境区鼠疫疫源地大沙鼠种群密度调查与疫情风险分析

Population density of Rhombomys opimus and the epidemic risk of plague in the foci in Sino-Kazakh border region

目的掌握中哈边境口岸大沙鼠种群密度分布动态特征,为监测及预警提供依据。方法在鼠疫监测点采用生态学路线洞群法调查大沙鼠种群密度、生境分布;用间接血凝试验、反向血凝试验、ELISA、四步分离法进行鼠疫血清F1抗体、抗原及病原体检测。结果大沙鼠种群在边境口岸四大生态区洞群平均覆盖率为29.7%,洞群密度8.9/hm2,洞群栖息率33.2%,鼠密度10.5/hm2。大沙鼠在入境通道的传入,边界的迁入、窜出,构成疫情传入的因素。结论新疆中哈边境区大沙鼠种群密度高,应高度警惕大沙鼠鼠疫疫情发生。

Objective To get an insight into the dynamic characteristics of population density distribution of Rhombomys opimus in the areas around the ports in Sino-Kazakh border, providing a basis for better surveillance and early warning. Methods The route tunnel group method was used to investigate the population density and habitat of Rh. opimus in the plague surveillance sites. IHA, RIHA, ELISA and the four-step separation methods were employed to detect the plague F1 antibody, the antigens and the pathogens. Results The average tunnel group coverage of Rh. opimus population in the four ecological zones was 29.7%, with the tunnel group density being 8.9/hm2, the tunnel group habitat rate 33.2% and Rh. opimus density 10.5/hm2. Entry of Rh. opimus by the entry passages and the border were the major pathways of incoming epidemics. Conclusion The population density of Rh. opimus in the areas around the ports in Sino-Kazakh border is high, so high vigilance should be held against plague outbreak from Rh. opimus.