贵州喀斯特区野生葛藤群落主要种群生态位

Niche characteristics for dominant species of a wild Pueraria lobata community in the Guizhou Karst Region

通过对喀斯特区葛藤Pueraria lobata群落野外样地调查,分析其组成类型中16个优势种的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例及生态位重叠。结果表明:①生态位宽度排在前6位的分别是葛藤,香叶树Lindera communis,竹叶椒Zanthoxylum planispinum,异叶鼠李Rhamnus heterophylla,粉枝莓Rubus bifloru,火棘Pyracantha fortuneana;②葛藤在喀斯特石漠化生境中的适应能力较强;③各种对的生态位相似比例为0～1不等,物种利用资源的相似程度差异较大;④16个种群间并未表现出显著的生态位完全重叠,各种群间利用资源的差异性显著,表明种群对资源的共享趋势并不明显,显示葛藤群落不稳定;⑤群落主要树种生态位重叠基本上是种群的生态位宽度越大,与其他种群的生态位重叠的机会越大,反之则越小。但在本研究发现,具有较大生态位宽度种群之间的生态位重叠值未必高。在喀斯特石漠化区,发展葛藤做饲料具有较大前景,但必须加大刈割等人工干扰措施,方能可持续发展。

Based on plots of the Pueraria lobata community in the karst area of Guizhou, the niche width, niche proportional similarity, and population overlap of 16 dominant species were analyzed. Results demonstrated that： 1 ） the top six niche breadths from first to sixth were Pueraria lobata, Lindera communis, Zanthoxylum planispinurn, Rhamnus heterophylla, Rubus biflorus, and Pyracantha fortuneana; 2）Pueraria lo- bata adapted well to the rocky, desertified environment of the karst; 3） the proportion of niche similarity for all species pairs was between 0 and 1 with the degree of similarity for resource use being different; 4） these 16 populations did not show a strong niche overlap as different resource use was noted; and 5） primary species in this study with a higher niche width did not have a higher niche overlap. Although for sustainable development some prospects of using Pueraria lobata for feed have been mentioned in the literature, increases in mowing and other human interference measures would be a drawback; also the lack of resource sharing for the Pueraria lobata community meant it was unstable. [Ch. 4 tab. 15 ref]