洪涝灾害人口损失研究进展

Research Progress on Human Mortality Due to Flood

洪涝灾害经常造成大量的人员死亡,不仅给人们心理上造成巨大创伤,还给生产生活带来严重的破坏,成为对社会影响最为严重的自然灾害之一。随着民生水利的提出,洪涝灾害中人口死亡研究受到各级水行政主管部门的关注。现详细介绍了洪涝灾害中影响人员损失的主要影响因子(即水深、流速、水位上涨速率、水温、疏散撤离和救援等)方面的国内外研究进展,以及溃坝洪水、沿海风暴潮、海啸和江河洪水等4种主要洪涝灾害类型中人口损失的估算方法。最后结合我国灾害人口损失研究的现状,对人口损失研究的发展趋势进行了展望。

Flood disaster often causes many deaths,which poses not only the psychological trauma to the people but also the serious damage to the industry;therefore it becomes one of the most serious natural disasters to the society.With the proposal of the people-oriented water management,the study on the human mortality caused by flood disaster has been received more attention from the water administrative offices.This paper introduced the research progress in aspect of the impact factors that affect population loss,which include the water depth,flow velocity,rising rate of water level,water temperature,evacuation,and rescue.Moreover,this paper reviewed the estimation methods and the latest research progress of the population loss in the four typical flood disasters such as the dam-break flood,coastal storm surges,tsunamis,and river flood disaster.Finally,the research status of the population loss caused by flood in China was noted and the development trend of the study on the population loss was forecasted.