胡语考释四则

Four Notes on Non-Chinese in Ancient History

本文认为《酉阳杂俎》里的"那庚",在《朱子语类》中又写作"聂夹",是吐蕃语■(rnam-mkhas)一词的音译,有"聪慧"之义。《苌楚斋随笔》中的"夹坝"系藏语■(jag-ba)的音译,指称强盗。"帽壳"可勘同于嘉绒语中的"士兵","匪、盗"当为其引申义。西夏文《孟子》中的■一词,字面意思是"罗喉掩",二字合在一起,才表达"日月之食"的"食"这一概念。认为日、月食与罗喉有关,源自印度传说,这表明西夏由于佛教盛行,在天文历法方面也深受佛教发源地印度的影响。

Nageng（那庚） ,another writing Niejia（聂夹）, is a Chinese transcription of the Tibetan, which means clever. Jiaba（夹坝） is also a Chinese transcription of the Tibetan, which means robber. Maoke（帽壳） is a Chinese transcription of the Rgyalrong, which means bandit. The meaning of the Tangut term 百紟,whose literal meaning is being hidden by R~？ hu, is the eclipses of the sun and moon, as suggests that Xixia was influenced deeply by India at the aspect of astronomy and calendar.