建筑物条形走廊烟气运动特性研究

Numerical simulation of the fire smoke flow in a building corridor

建筑物走廊是火灾时人员疏散的必经之路,了解走廊烟气的运动规律,对人员疏散与救援具有重大意义。本文对走廊内的火灾烟气进行了数值模拟,得出了不同排烟场景下走廊烟气质量分数及烟气温度的分布情况。研究表明:挡烟垂壁在火灾初期能有效地阻止烟气蔓延;由于其蓄烟作用,应该将其设置在走廊中部。但随着火势的不断扩大,挡烟垂壁效果逐渐减弱,此时必须增设机械排烟机才能及时排出烟气。对比不同机械排烟场景可知,为达到更好的排烟效果,机械排烟口应该设置在挡烟垂壁上游。最后将模拟结果与实验结果对比,验证了本文结论的正确性。

Building corridor is the necessary way in fire evacuation. Knowing the distributions of fire smoke flow in a building corridor under different conditions was helpful to evacuate and rescue. A numerical simulation of the fire smoke flow in a building corridor were presented. The distributions of gas mass fractions and gas temperature is ob- tained. The results showed that smoke-proof pendant wall can effectively prevent the spread of the gas in the early fire. Because of the effect of its smoke storage, it should be set in the central of the corridor. With the fire contin- ues to expand, the effect of the smoke-proof pendant gradually abate, then mechanical smoke exhaust must be add- ed to discharge smoke promptly. Comparing the different modes, it was concluded that the effect of the mechanical smoke exhaust at the back is better than in the front. Finally a numerical simulation combining with the real experi- mental was used to verify the correctness of the conclusion.