基于榷盐制度的宋代国富论与民富论探析

The Theory and Practice of the Wealth of Nations Based on Salt System of the Song Dynasty

在中国古代经济思想史上,存在着两种相互竞争的思想,即民富论与国富论。民富论以儒家思想为代表,认为以礼为基础的义高于利,礼义决定并派生利,主张民富而后才能国富论,民富是第一性的,反对政府过度聚敛。国富论以管商之学和轻重理论为代表,认为先利后义,以利导民,主张国富必须先于民富,国富是第一性的,并极力主张政府控制天下财富。禁榷制度在宋代经济活动中起着重要作用,其中以宋代榷盐制度为代表,从中可以管窥国富论与民富论在宋代经济生活中的作用与影响。

In the ancient history of Chinese ecnomic thought, there were two competitive thoughts： the wealth of nations and the weath of people. The fomer was represented by confucianism, deeming Yi more important than Li. Li was determined and derived form Li and Yi. They urged people to be rich first, and then the country to he against the excessive amassing government. The later was represented by Guan Zhong and Shang Yang, they thought Li was important than Yi, they wanted to lead people by Li, and they urged nation to be rich first. The weath must be controled by government. The system of prohibition of abuse rights played an important role in the ecnomic action in the Song Dynasty, and it was represented by the governmental salt system of the Song Dynasty. The discussion can help people recognize the role and influence of the thoughts to the Song Dynasty.