考虑可中断负荷合同的电力市场古诺均衡分析

Cournot equilibrium analysis of electricity markets considering interruptible load contracts

作为电力需求响应的重要措施之一,可中断负荷管理在电力市场中已得到广泛应用。为了研究可中断负荷管理对电力市场均衡结果的影响问题,首先,给出了一个计入可中断负荷合同的电力市场需求模型。然后,建立了考虑可中断负荷合同的电力批发市场古诺均衡模型,并针对计入可中断负荷合同后均衡模型的非光滑性,提出了一种求解方法。最后,给出的算例分析来验证了模型方法的合理性,其中考虑了需求不确定性。研究表明,可中断负荷合同可以有效降低均衡市场价格及其波动性,特别是当需求不确定性相对较大或市场需求弹性相对较小时,这种效果更明显。而且可中断负荷合同中的中断阈值价格需要合理选取,以达到降低市场价格及其波动性的目标。

As an effective measure of demand response programs, interruptible load management has been widely used in electricity markets. To address the problem of what impacts of interruptible load （IL） contracts will have on the equilibrium outcomes of electricity wholesale markets, first, a market demand model is developed considering IL contracts. Next, a Cournot equilibrium model is presented for wholesale markets with IL contracts. The introduction of IL contracts leads to a non-smooth equilibrium problem. To solve this equilibrium problem, a novel solution method is proposed. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method, in which the uncertainty in market demand is considered. It is shown that with IL contracts, market price and its fluctuation can be lowered. This effect becomes more obvious when the uncertainty in market demand is relatively large or the demand elasticity is relatively low. In addition, to achieve the target of lowering market price and its fluctuation, the interruption threshold prices in IL contracts should be determined reasonably.