“经济人”分析范式内含的理性悖论——长远利益、为己利他与行为理性的理解

Rationality Paradox Inherent in the Analytical Paradigm of Economic Man:Long-tem Interest,Benefiting-oneself-and-benefiting-others and the Understanding of Behavioral Rationality

"经济人"分析范式在理性概念的使用上存在明显的逻辑悖论:基于行为功利主义的定义以及由此展开的行为分析,实质上使用的是有限理性,而在理性模型的构建和宏观经济的分析上实际使用的却是完全理性。正是由于在不同场合所使用理性内涵存在如此的不一致,现代主流经济学对短期的行为评价和长期的现象预测之间就出现了断裂。而且,现代主流经济学试图用"无形的手"将两者沟通起来,却一直无法说明"无形的手"是如何运作的。相反,基于长期利益的实现程度和"为己利他"行为机理的实施程度这一视域,可以更好地区别有限理性和完全理性这两个概念,可以更好地认识现实生活中各种行为的理性程度,从而理解社会中不同程度的合作现象。

There exists a obvious logic paradox in the use of the concept of rationality under the analytical paradigm of economic man： it essentially employs bounded rationality to make the definition based on behavioral utilitarianism and corresponding behavioral analysis, but actually employs complete rationality to construct rational model and make macro-eco- nomic analysis. Owing to the inconsistence in the use of the concept of rationality, there is a fracture between short-term behavioral evaluation and long-term phenomenon predication in modern mainstream economics. Moreover, modern mainstream economics tries to combine them by invisible hand, but cannot provide an explanation about how invisible hand works. On the contrary, the analysis from the perspective of the achievement of long-term interests and the enforcement of the behavioral mechanism of benefiting oneself and benefiting others can effectively distinguish bounded rationality from complete rationality and recognize the rational degrees of behavior in real life, thereby understanding the cooperation in the society.