社区老年人运动水平和自测健康状况的相关性研究

Study on relationship between physical activity level and self-rated health among the elderly in the community

目的调查长沙市社区老年人体育运动项目和运动水平情况,探讨社区老年人体育运动水平和自测健康状况的关系。方法采取两阶段整群抽样及单纯随机抽样的方法,在长沙市社区中随机抽取符合调查要求的60岁及以上的老年人320人进行横断面调查。调查问卷由一般资料、体育运动水平问卷(PALQ)和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)构成。结果 242例老年人最喜爱的前十个运动项目依次是:散步、爬楼梯、步行、健身操、跳舞、太极拳(剑)、骑车、羽毛球、爬山、园艺和乒乓球。不同性别、年龄组、文化程度、经济状况和婚姻状况的老年人之间,体育运动水平均存在差异(P<0.05)。不同业余体育运动水平(LPAL)的老年人自测生理、心理、社会健康以及自测总体健康得分,经检验差异均具有显著性(P<0.01)。除心理症状与负性情绪、社会支持维度外,LPAL与SRHMS其余各维度、三个子量表及自测总体健康得分均存在正相关(P<0.05)。结论老年人喜爱的体育运动,大多为运动量不大、运动方式自由、无技术要求的大众体育项目,大部分老年人目前的体育运动量能维持较好的生理和心理健康水平,基本上能够满足健康的需求。老年人自测生理、心理和社会健康状况与体育运动水平存在显著的正向相关关系。

【Objective】 To investigate the physical activity level and to analyze quantitative relationship between physical activity level and self-rated health among the elderly in Changsha City.【Methods】 A cross-sectional survey was carried out among a two-stage cluster and simple random sample of 320 elderly in communities of Changsha city.A confidential questionnaire was completed by the participants.The questionnaire consisted of three sections： information about participant＇s demographic information,self-rated Health Measurement Scale,Leisure Time Physical Activity Level Questionnaire（LPALQ）.【Result】 The ten most favorable physical activities were as following： promenade,climbing stairs,walking（for shopping or to the park）,body mechanics and dancing,shadowboxing,cycling,badminton,mountain climbing,gardening,Ping-Pong.There was a significant difference between different groups of elderly people divided by gender,or age,or education level,or income,or marital status（P 0.05） in the score of LPALQ.There was a statistically significant difference between different physical activity level groups in the score of self-rated physiological health,self-rated psychological health,and self-rated social health（P 0.01）.【Conclusion】 Elderly people prefer lower intensity physical activities which can be done easily and flexibly.Physical activity level is significantly associated with self-rated physiological health,psychological health,and social health among the elderly.