不同生态区玉米种子品质的比较研究

Effects of Different Ecological Areas on Maize Seed Quality

以聊玉20、聊玉18杂交种的亲本为试验材料,通过比较不同生态区所生产玉米杂交种子的物理品质和播种品质,研究不同生态区、不同基因型玉米种子品质的表现,进而确定影响玉米种子品质的主要生态因素及适宜杂交制种地区。结果表明,聊玉20、聊玉18的种子百粒重和子粒体积在不同生态区间的变化规律一致,均为伊宁>聊城>榆次。聊玉20种子容重表现为伊宁>榆次>聊城;聊玉18种子容重表现为聊城>伊宁>榆次。聊玉20种子胚比表现为榆次>聊城>伊宁;3个地区生产的聊玉18种子胚比差异不显著。聊玉20种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数(Ⅰ)均表现为榆次>伊宁>聊城,活力指数(Ⅱ)伊宁产地的最大,榆次产地的与聊城产地的差异不显著;聊玉18种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数(Ⅰ)、活力指数(Ⅱ)均表现为伊宁>榆次>聊城,两个品种的发芽指数在3个地区差异不显著。

The parents of Liaoyu20 and Liaoyu18 were used to study the quality of their cross-breed maize seeds with different genes and from different ecological areas by contrasting physical quality and sowing quality of their cross-breed seed.Therefore,main ecological factors which have the impact on quality of maize can be found out.The results showed that trends of weight per hundred kernels and seed volume of Liaoyu20 and Liaoyu18 from different ecological zones were consistent,Yining’s 〉 Liaocheng’s 〉 Yuci’s;however,trends of unit weight of different variety from different ecological zones were different.The order of Liaoyu20 was Yining’s 〉 Yuci’s 〉 Liaocheng’s and the order of Liaoyu20 was Liaocheng’s 〉 Yining’s 〉 Yuci’s.Embryo ratios of Liaoyu20 was Yuci’s 〉 Liaocheng’s 〉 Yining’s,and embryo ratios of Liaoyu18 from three different zones were identical.Germination rate,germination potential and Vigor index（Ⅰ） of seed of Liaoyu20 all showed Yuci’s 〉 Yining’s 〉 Liaocheng’s.Vigor index（Ⅱ） of seed from Yining was highest,and the differences were not significant between Yuci’s and Liaocheng’s.Germination rate,germination potential,Vigor index（Ⅰ） and Vigor index（Ⅱ） of seed of Liaoyu18 all showed Yining’s 〉 Yuci’s 〉 Liaocheng’s.The differences of germination index among three areaswere not significant.