近年来辽宁省玉米品种试验的初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of Maize Varieties Experiments in Liaoning Province in Recent Years

通过分析2005年以来辽宁省玉米品种试验结果,表明适当缩短品种生育期可以充分利用自然条件,从而有利于产量的提高;产量随着密度的增加而增加,但现有的参试品种增密空间并不是很大;试验密度范围内中晚熟品种的适宜密度是60 000株/hm2,晚熟品种的适宜密度是52 500株/hm2。参试组合的整体质量反映出优异的育种基础材料匮乏。多抗性和稳产性至关重要,是优良品种得以大面积推广的基础。培育优良品种的基础是完善育种目标、提高光能利用率和增加单位面积有效穗数;通过加大种质扩增和改良以及增加密度压力对育种基础材料进行分类整理,加强熟期相对较短且耐密植材料的积累;提高对品种多抗性及稳产性的认识。

The maize varieties experiments in Liaoning province in 2005 were analyzed.The conclusions showed that maize yield would be improved by taking full advantage of natural conditions since the growth period of maize variety was shortening.Maize yield was improving with the density increases,but the increasing space was limited of tested varieties.The appropriate density for medium-late maturity varieties within test was 60 000 plants/ha while late maturity varieties 52 500 plants/ha.Overall quality of tested varieties showed the lack of superior breeding materials basis.More resistance and yield stability were the basis of varieties for large-scale extension.The foundations for cultivate superior varieties as follows： To improve breeding objective,the utilization of solar energy should be improved and the number of effective panicles per unit area increased;By enlarged and improved germplasm,and increased the density pressure on the breeding base material could strengthen the accumulation of materials which maturity were relatively short and resistance to high density;Improve the awareness of resistance of varieties and yield stability.