前茬小麦不同耕作方式对土壤含水量和夏玉米产量的影响

Influence of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Moisture Content of Field and Summer Corn Yield under Natural Conditions

2009年采用大区试验,在前茬小麦免耕和耕作方式下,自然条件下对夏玉米田进行土壤含水量变化及夏玉米产量比较研究。结果表明,2009年夏玉米整个生育期降雨量为339.5 mm,前茬小麦两种耕作方式在不同时期不同土层的土壤平均含水量都在13%以上,并且两种方式不同土层平均含水量差异不显著;在夏玉米需水高峰期,相应的有效降水使土壤含水量能够满足夏玉米生长的需要。前茬小麦免耕和耕作下玉米平均产量分别为7 839.2、8 074.5 kg/hm2,差异不显著。因此,前茬小麦免耕可节省劳动量,防止水土流失,保护土壤结构,消除犁底层对作物根系生长与养分吸收的影响。

By using large area tests,the comparison study among the changes of soil water content and the yield in summer corn were carried out under no-tillage and normal tillage previous crops of wheat under natural conditions in 2009.The results showed that the rainfall during the whole growing period of corn was 339.5 mm,the soil water content of different soil layer on average was over 13% in different periods of in the two tillage methods during whole growth period,and soil water content on average no significant difference in the two tillage methods.There was corresponding effective rainfall during high peaks of water consumption by summer corn,the rainfall made that soil water content meet the needs of the summer maize growth.Under the appropriate management measures tillage previous wheat,the average yield of no-tillage and normal tillage was 7 839.2 kg/ha and 8 074.5 kg/ha,respectively,the difference was not significant.Therefore,no-tillage crops was not only could obtain almost the same yield as normal tillage,but also save the amount of labor,prevent soil erosion,protect soil structure and eliminate the effects of plow formation on crop root growth.