中国人抑郁易感人格的特点与结构初探

A Pilot Study on the Chinese Vulnerable Personality to Depression

目的:在中国文化情境下,探索中国人抑郁易感人格的特点与结构。方法:在国内外相关文献基础上,首先将国内有抑郁症病史者作为中国抑郁易感个体的典型代表,以临床咨询经验丰富的精神科医师为主要调查对象,通过深度访谈和开放式问卷调查探索中国人抑郁易感人格特征;在此基础上形成原始项目,在一般大学生和有抑郁症病史者被试基础上探索并验证中国人抑郁易感人格结构;最后对一般大学生进行追踪研究,初步考察中国人抑郁易感人格与压力交互作用对抑郁症状的影响。结果:中国人抑郁易感人格是一个5因素结构,具体包括敏感好胜、封闭防御、自我专注、严谨认真和退让顺从;验证性因素分析结果表明,中国人抑郁易感人格问卷的5因素模型拟合较好;总量表及各维度内部一致性系数在0.60-0.78之间;量表总体及其各维度可以有效区分有抑郁病史大学生和无抑郁病史大学生,它们与应激的交互作用能有效预测大学生三个月后的抑郁症状。结论:中国人抑郁易感人格是一个五因素结构,中国人抑郁易感人格量表具有良好的心理测量学指标,能够有效筛查中国抑郁易感个体。

Objective： To explore the structure of vulnerable personality to depression of Chinese people and correspondingly to develop a scale to measure Chinese people＇s vulnerable personality to depression. Methods： People who had once suffered from MDD were selected as the typical individuals with vulnerable personality, and seasoned psychiatrists were investigated by using an interview technique and an open-ended questionnaire. Then, data were collected from 437 persons who had a history of MDD and 1378 normal college students were measured; EFA and CFA were used to test the reliability and validity of the scale. In particular, 419 of the college students completed the measures assessing depressive symptoms twice with a three-month interval. Results： The Questionnaire of Chinese Vulnerable Personality to Depression （QCVPD） was formed with 49 items in total and five factors, i.e. emulousness, defensiveness, self-absorption, precise- ness, and compliance. The internal consistencies of this scale ranged from 0.60 to 0.78, and test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.64 to 0.80. Normal college students and participants with history of MDD differed on each dimension of the QCVPD significantly. Finally, the interaction between the five factors and stress could well predict the college students＇ levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusion： Chinese Vulnerable Personality to Depression includes 5 factors, and the QCVPD is a reliable and valid measure, which can be used in future researches.