心理弹性在负性生活事件和抑郁症状之间的中介和调节:以汶川地震后的青少年为例

Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience Between Negative Life Events and Depression Symptoms among Adolescents Following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China

目的:探讨汶川地震后青少年心理弹性、抑郁症状和震后继发的负性生活事件之间的关系。方法:震后6个月,采用分层整群取样法,使用青少年生活事件量表、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表和心理弹性量表对都江堰地区2250名中学生进行测查。结果:①在控制人口学因素和地震暴露变量的影响后,心理弹性在震后继发的负性生活事件和青少年抑郁症状间有部分中介作用。②心理弹性在震后继发的负性生活事件和青少年抑郁症状间起调节作用,对青少年的抑郁症状起到保护作用。结论:震后继发的负性生活事件既可以对抑郁症状产生直接影响,又可以通过削弱心理弹性间接影响抑郁症状,另外,心理弹性削弱了负性生活事件对抑郁的负面影响,起到保护个体的作用。

Objective： To investigate the relationship among resilience, depression symptoms and post-earthquake negative life events in adolescents in order to explore the actual processes that accounted for the protective effects. Methods： After 6 months of the Wenchuan earthquake, by means of the cluster sampling method, 2250 students （mean age=14.63） from Grades 7-10 in Dujiangyan district were administered with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Checklist（ASLEC）, Depression Self-rating Scale for Children （DSRSC） and Resilience Scale （RS）, as well as demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors. Mediating effect was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the moderating effect of the resilience. Results： （1）After controlling the effects of demographic factors and earthquake exposure factors, post-earthquake negative life events could significantly predict adolescents＇ depression symptoms （A R2=0.176, P〈0.001）. （2）Resilience partially mediated the effect of post-earthquake negative events on adolescents＇ depression symptoms. The value of the mediating effect was 0.01 （P〈0.001）, and occupied 21.52% of the total effects. （3）Resilience also moderated the association of post-earthquake negative events with adolescent depression symptoms （P〈 0.05）. The results suggested resilience may protect adolescents from depression in direct and indirect way. Conclusion： The results underline the action mechanisms of the resilience in preserving adolecents from depression. And this confirms previous findings that the post-earthquake negative events could lead to depression and resilience displays an important role in adolescents＇ mental health. It is necessary to construct and strengthen the resilience of the adolescents.