当代中国户籍制度改革的法学思考

The Household Registration System Reform in Contemporary China:The Legal Perspective

现有各种户籍制度改革理论大多基于对户籍制度内涵与外延的扩大化理解,把本来只具有行政法属性的户籍制度泛化为政治制度和社会经济制度,从而给户籍制度改革带来思想障碍。科学定位户籍制度改革的目标,应该从法理学层面探讨户籍立法的价值取向。平等、自由、秩序、效率,是户籍立法价值取向的多个取舍目标。如果把平等作为目标,会使户籍制度偏离其应有的功能定位。实现迁徙自由、提高劳动力资源配置效率这两个价值目标,现阶段还不具备可行性。提高户籍管理的效率,维护社会秩序,应该成为现阶段户籍立法的价值追求。构建户籍制度改革的法律框架,需要我们根据国情,以秩序、效率作为户籍立法的价值取向,调整户籍制度的内部结构,理顺户籍制度的外部关系。

The current theories on the reform of the household registration system are mostly based on the broadening interpretation of its connotative and denotative meaning, which generalizes the household registration system that belongs to administrative law to political system and social economic system and has caused disorder of thought. The scientific orientation of the reform goal of the household registration system entails the juristic discussion of the value orientation of the household registration legislation. Equality, freedom, order and efficiency are targets of household registration legislation. Equality as a goal can make the household registration system deviate from its due function. Free migration and the efficient allocation of labor resources are not feasible now. Improving the efficiency of the household registration administration and maintaining social order should be our pursuits of value. To construct a legal framework of household registration system reform, we must regard the order and the efficiency as value orientation according to national conditions, adjust the internal structure of the household registration system and straighten out its external relations.