悲苦人生的纾解之途——从《红楼梦评论》看王国维对叔本华悲剧美学思想的“中国式”改造

The Way of Relief in Grievous Life——Analyzing Schopenhauer's aesthetics of Tragedy by Wang Guowei's transformation from Comments on a Dream of Red Mansions

本文以王国维对叔本华悲剧美学思想的继承和改造为例,从悲剧是人生苦痛的诗学、悲剧的效果是审美的解脱,以及揭示《红楼梦》的悲剧性质和独具的美学思想等三个层面对之进行分析和比较,可以看出王国维在大量接受叔本华悲剧美学思想影响的同时,又从中国传统文化思想出发对其作了"中国式"的改造与重构,这对尚处在中国现代美学启蒙时期的近代是难能可贵的,同时也为今天的美育教育、构建和谐社会提供了有益的借鉴。

This essay analyzes and compares the following three aspects by exemplifying the fact that Wang Guowei has inherited and transformed Schopenhauer＇s aesthetics of tragedy.Firstly,tragedy is an artistic expression of grievous life.Secondly,the effects of tragedy are a relief for aesthetic perception.Thirdly,a dream of Mansions has a tragic nature and possesses a unique aesthetic beauty.Hereby we can see that Wang Guowei has not only received lots of Schopenhauer＇s aesthetic ideas but also transformed and sublimated his own thoughts based upon traditional Chinese culture.His contributions to Aesthetics are very commendable during the modern period of enlightenment and even till today,we can draw on his experience with regard to aesthetic education and building a harmonious society.