公共利益界定主体研究

The Subject of Defining Public Interest

明确界定公共利益是增进公共利益、保护个人利益的有效途径,而界定主体则是公共利益界定的前提问题。关于公共利益的界定主体,各国的法治实践也不尽相同。基于权威性、代表性、中立性等考量因素,公共利益只能由立法机关界定。我国公共利益界定的应然主体是全国人民代表大会,地方人民代表大会也有权界定公共利益范围,但应遵循法律效力等级原则,不应与上位法相冲突;除了全国人民代表大会常务委员会有权界定公共利益的范围外,其他各地人民代表大会常务委员会都无权界定公共利益的范围;在现阶段法律可以授权部分行政法规、规章对公共利益予以界定,但从长远来看,人民代表大会不能授权其他机关界定公共利益。

Clearly defining the public interest is an effective way to promote public interest and protect individual interest.The defining subject is the prerequisite for defining public interest.About the defining subject,there are different academics views and law practice.Based on authority,representation,neutrality and other considerations,the public interest can only be defined by the legislature.In China,public interest ought to be defined by National People’s Congress.The local People’s Congress also has the right to define the scope of public interest,but it should follow the principle of hierarchy of legal force and should not conflict with the host laws.The Standing Committee of National People’s Congress does not have the right to define the scope of public interest except the Standing Committee of National People’s Congress.At this stage some of administrative laws and regulations may be authorized by laws to define the public interest,but in the long run,people’s congress can’t authorize other agencies to define the public interest.