“以学术为业”的深层旨趣

Deep Purport of “Sciences as a Vovation”

韦伯发掘了一条探索人类文明演化与社会变迁的独特学术路径,其"解释社会学"的最终目的是要探讨现代性的生成以及现代生活方式形成的内在原因,具体说就是在宗教信仰、生活方式和经济行为之间确立一种比较与众不同的辩证关系。对于韦伯社会学的独特问题意识,我们可以借用"以学术为业"这一指称来点名其学术取向上的伦理叙事和价值观念之意味:韦伯的伦理世界观认为人必须在道德法则之下所形成的义务和在历史使命之下衍生出来的义务之间保持一种适切的张力关系,以求得世界和个人、上帝和俗人之间的和谐共处;伦理在各种生活方式当中流转,最终只有"新教伦理"同"资本主义精神"建立起亲和关系;"社会科学方法论"关于实然和应然关系的拷量,最后的目的是为了考察现代和传统、现代性和前现代性之关系。这样,伦理理性化理论对宗教意识和经济生活之间关系的考察就上升为对现实生活和理想生活之间关联的思考,正是这种致思取向决定了韦伯学术思想的深层旨趣。

Weber explores a unique academic path of human civilization,evolution and social change.Its ultimate aim of'explanation sociology' is to explore the underlying causes of the modern generation and the modern lifestyle,specifically,in religion,lifestyle and to establish a distinctive dialectical relationship between economic behavior.As to the awareness of the unique problems of the sociology of Weber,we can borrow'Sciences as a Vocation' to call on the ethics of narrative and values in their academic orientation.Weber’s ethical worldview thinks that man must be under the moral law formed by the obligations and the obligations derived from the historical mission under an appropriate tension between relationship,in order to achieve harmony between the world and the individual,God and the laity;circulation of ethics goes in a variety of lifestyles,with,ultimately,the'Protestant ethics'conbined with the'spirit of capitalism'to establish affinity relationships;social science methodology copies the real nature and should be of a natural relationship;the final purpose is to study modern and traditional,modern and pre-modern relationship.In this way,the investigation of the ethical rational theory of the relationship between religious consciousness and economic life roses up to thinking on the relationship between real life and ideals of life.It is just this thinking orientation that determines the deep purport of Weber’s academic thought.