新安画派有序传承与清醒拓新——以渐江、黄宾虹为例

Xin’an Painting School’s Well-organized Inheritance and Clear-headed Creation——Taking Jian Jiang and Huang Binhong as Examples

有序传承是中国画优良传统之一,新安画派是有序传承与清醒拓新范例,而渐江、黄宾虹极具代表性。渐江有序传承脉络清晰:初学元人、继效北宋,始学倪黄、再追董巨,以元人气韵,润北宋风骨,写新安山水,终成家立派,开时代新风;其重要特点是"取法乎上"、"借古开今"的自觉选择,是"学人"的自律与"画痴""墨痴"的情怀,也是眼界宏阔、洞见深邃的吸收、综合和拓新。黄宾虹有序传承的路径:学习新安诸家主要是渐江,上朔元代诸家,再上追北宋诸家,他所走路径与渐江极为相似;其主要特点就是自觉"借古开今"以匡正时弊,"师古人"兼"师造化",以宋元风骨气韵,写新安山水胜境,终生修养学问人格,笔墨精进,拓新变法,成为后人难以企及的里程碑。

Inheriting the tradition in a well-organized way is one of excellent traditions of Chinese painting.Xin’an painting school features well-organized inheritance and clear-headed creation,in which the painter Jian Jiang and Huang Binhong are considered typical representatives.Jian Jiang firstly imitated NI and HUANG of Yuan dynasty,and then DONG and JU of the Northern Song dynasty.He developed his own unique style and blazed a new path by following Yuan painters’ spirit and the Northern Song painters’ powerful strokes,and drawing the Xin’an landscapes.Keen to study the representative techniques and styles of previous painters,he showed broad perspective,profound understanding,ability of assimilating and integrating the best of the traditions,strong sense of self-discipline and his enthusiasm to painting.Huang Binhong took a similar path to Jian Jiang,whom he mainly learned when continuing Xin’an school’s traditions.By carrying on the traditions of Yuan and the Northern Song painting schools,he enriched his creation through the inheritance of previous dynasty to reform abuses in his time.Combining the Song and Yuan painting styles with the scenery of Xin’an,he developed his knowledge,personality,painting techniques,and ability of creation,and finally achieved unparalleled accomplishments.