少数民族聚居区传统体育非物质文化遗产保护的社会建构研究——以湘西大兴寨苗族抢狮习俗为例

Social Construction Study of Traditional Sports Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Minority Area——Taking Miao Lion Snatch Custom on Daxing Village in Xiangxi as an Example

湘西大兴寨及其周边地区的抢狮习俗,由传统社会中基于狩猎采集的神灵保佑仪式,演变成为现代社会中基于旅游经济的物质文化需求活动,为探索少数民族聚居区传统体育的非物质文化遗产保护问题提供了非常重要的研究文本。采用田野调查、深度访谈、文献分析等研究方法,对湘西苗族抢狮习俗的发展历程、社会结构、时代特征、影响因素等方面进行客观分析。研究结果表明,随着社会转型过程加剧,少数民族聚居区的生计方式、民间社会组织、社会性别、文化传承模式等变迁,对传统体育的发展都会产生重要影响。在此基础上提出以村民自治为核心的,少数民族聚居区传统体育非物质文化遗产保护的社会建构模式。

Lion snatch custom on Daxing village and surrounding areas in Xiangxi has evolved from gods bless ceremony based on hunter-gatherer in traditional society to material and cul- tural needs activities based on tourism economy in modern society. It provides an important re- search text for exploring the problem of traditional sports protection of intangible cultural her- itage in minority area. This article objectively analyzes the development process, social struc- ture, era characteristics and influencing factors of Miao lion snatch custom in Xiangxi by using methods of field investigation, depth interview and literature analysis and so on. The results show that, with the intensification of social transformation process, changes of livelihood ways, civil society organizations, social gender and cultural heritage model in minority area have im- portant impacts on development of traditional sports. On this basis, this article put forward the social construction mode as the core of villagers ~ autonomy of traditional sports protection of intangible cultural heritage in minority area.