中国新型渔民专业合作社生成机理分析

Analysis on generative mechanism of new fishermen cooperatives in China

新型渔民专业合作社产生于20世纪80年代中期中国渔业生产经营制度和水产品流通市场化改革之后,是中国渔业发展重要的合作经济组织形式。渔民专业合作社生成机理分析可以从三方面人手:(1)为什么要成立合作社?(2)为什么选择合作社?(3)为什么能够成立合作社?其中,在日益激烈的市场竞争环境下不断强化的小生产与大市场之间的矛盾,是新型渔民专业合作社产生的直接动力,而渔业产业的弱质性、经营上小而分散的特性以及水产品的易腐易烂性则是渔民专业合作社产生的内在动力。渔民专业合作社一系列优越的制度安排,包括它能够在不改变生产者经营自主权的基础上实现规模效率、降低交易成本,并能够确保渔民始终是最终受益主体,是其终能成为最重要的渔业产业化组织模式的根本原因。而渔民专业合作社最终能够被组建成功,得益于渔业生产的集群特征、组织成员的积极主动性和政府强有力的政策导向。

New fishermen cooperatives produced behind the reform of Chinese fishery system and aquatic products circulation mercerization in the mid 1980s. Analysis of generative mechanism of fishermen cooperatives could be done from three aspects, including why to establish cooperatives, why choose to establish cooperatives and why the cooperatives could be established successfully. The contradiction between the minor production and big market had direct effect, and the weakness of fishery industry, small and dispersive operating and perishable of aquatic products had inherent effect on the establishment of new fishermen cooperatives. A series of favorable institutional arrangement, which ensuring to obtain the scale efficiency and reduce transaction costs without changing the autonomy of producers, and ensuring the fisherman always the ultimate beneficiaries, constituted the fundamental reasons of selecting fishermen cooperatives as the most important mode of fishery industrialization organization. Cluster features of fishery production, enthusiasm of organizational members and strong government policy guidance made the fishermen cooperatives eventually be established successfully.