殖民主义视阈中的文明差异——论莱辛《三四五区间联姻》的殖民主义主题

The Differences of Civilization in the Colonizer's Eyes——On the Colonialism in Lessing's The Marriages between Zones Three,Four and Five

"太空小说"是英国著名女作家多丽丝.莱辛最重要的文学创作之一,此系列第二部小说《三四五区间联姻》通过描绘地域、民族与文明的差异表现,塑造了先进文明的殖民者形象与贫穷、落后、野蛮的殖民地形象。三区是一个文明先进的国度,它的主要特征是西方的、殖民者的;四五区是落后野蛮的国度,它的所有特征都是东方的、殖民地的。此外,三区还拥有双重身份:它既是受殖者也是殖民者,它的双重身份使"殖民传播文明"得到了形象的阐释。由此,莱辛宣称,实现文明必须通过殖民统治,为落后地区带去先进地区的文明。这一叙事模式,说明了莱辛心中具有强烈的种族主义意识和殖民主义情结。

＂ Space Fictions＂ wrote by English famous writer Doris Lessing, is a part of her best fictions. The second work is The Marriages between Zones Three, Four and Five, described the differences of the zones, races and civilizations, and represented the progressed cultured colonizer image and the poor,uncultured and savage colony image. The Three is a cultured progressed country. Its characters mostly are of the occident and the colonizer; and the Four,Five are the uncultured savage country, and their characters are all of the orient and the colony. Besides,the Three has double identities： it is a colony, and it is a colonizer, too. This double identities vividly illuminated ＂ colonialism spreading civilization＂. So, Lessing declared, for the uncultured areas＇ development, colonialism is the only way. This writing format shows the writer＇ s deep racialism and colonialism.