地震医疗救援人员心理健康状况及影响因素研究

The Condition of Mental Health of Earthquake Medical Rescuers and Its Influencing Factors

目的探讨地震状况下医疗救援人员自我效能感、应对方式、状态-特质焦虑、急性应激反应与心理健康状况之间的关系。方法将154名参加过汶川和玉树地震的医疗救援人员进行自我效能感、应对方式、状态-特质焦虑、急性应激反应量表的测量,评价其心理健康状态结果。结果①抗震救灾医务人员自我效能感与特质焦虑、状态焦虑呈显著负相关(P<0.001),与应对方式呈显著正相关(P<0.001);②应对方式中除解决问题(t=9.62,P<0.01)和求助(t=2.09,P<0.05)高于军队常模外,其余4个因子得分(P<0.01)显著低于军队常模;③在应对方式中6个因子与状态特质焦虑进行相关分析发现,自责、幻想、退避和合理化与特质焦虑有明显的相关性(P<0.05),解决问题和求助与特质焦虑无相关关系。结论需要对地震医疗救援人员的心理健康进行心理干预。

Objective To explore the relationship between self-efficacy,coping style,state-trait anxiety,acute stress responses and mental health of earthquake medical rescuers.Methods A total of 154 earthquake medical rescuers who engaged in the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake rescue missions were measured with General Self-efficacy Scale,Coping Style Questionnaire,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,Acute Stress Response Questionnaire.Results ①There were significantly negative correlation between self-efficacy and state-anxiety,trait anxiety（P〈0.001）,and significantly negative correlation between self-efficacy and coping styles（P〈0.001）.②Compared with the scores military norm,resolving problem（t=9.62,P〈0.01）and seeking help（t=2.09,P〈0.05）of positive coping style significantly increased but other 4 factors of the coping style significantly decreased（P〈0.01）.③There were significantly positive correlation between self-blame,fantasy,retreat,rationalization and state-anxiety（P〈0.05）,and resolving problem and seeking help had no significant correlation with state-anxiety.Conclusion We need to intervene in earthquake medical rescuers’ mental health with psychological method.