康熙、乾隆年间出入舟山的英国商船考略

A Study on British Merchant Ships in Zhoushan during Kangxi and Qianlong Years

舟山定海港海外商务贸易活动由来已久。文章对清康熙、乾隆年间出入定海港的英国商船进行了考述。清康熙二十七年设定海县至康熙五十年，其间不断有英国商船进入定海港停泊及贸易。而以后至雍正年间，由于管理、市场等因素，英商中断在舟山贸易，在华贸易的地点渐渐集中到广州。乾隆中期以后时有英国商船进入定海港。乾隆二十三年，朝廷正式宣布只准在广州一口进行贸易，定海港基本结束了口岸贸易的合法地位。文章认为法制化建设与管理、平等互利等都是对外贸易健康发展的必然条件。

Zhoushan has a long history of overseas port business. The article studies on the British merchant ships in Dinghai Port during Kangxi and Qianlong years. From the twenty-seventh year to the fiftieth year of emperor Kangxi there were British merchant ships entering into Dinghai Port continuously . And later to Yongzheng year, the British business in zhoushan was interrupted because of managing and marketing factors and it was transfered to Guangzhou gradually. After the middle of emperor Qianlong, there were British merchant shiping entering into Dinghai Port occasionally. In the twenty-third year of emperor Qianlong, it was announced formally only Guangzhon allowed to do foreign trade by the Court, so Dinghai port＇s legal status of foreign trade was lost basically. The paper argues that the legal system construction and management, equality and mutual benefit arc the inevitable conditions of healthy development of foreign trade.