光周期对北京油鸡雏鸡采食行为与生长性能的影响

Effect of Photoperiod on Feeding Behavior and Growth Performance of Beijing You Chicken

为研究光照周期对北京油鸡雏鸡采食行为与生长性能的影响,本试验选择1日龄北京油鸡162只,随机分为三个处理（1、2、3）,每处理54只,设3个重复,每个重复18只。1~3日龄均采用23L∶1D的光周期,4日龄起三个处理的光周期分别设置为8L∶16D、12L∶12D、16L∶8D,自雏鸡2周龄开始试验,6~7周龄观察记录各处理目标鸡的采食行为,并记录2~7周龄生长性能。结果表明：采食频次各处理间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但处理2、3比处理1呈增加趋势;采食行为的最大、最小与平均持续时间处理3显著大于处理1（P〈0.05）,处理1和处理2之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）;采食在所有观测行为中所占时间比例均表现为处理3显著大于处理1（P〈0.05）,3个处理分别为18.41%、21.5%和24.74%。5周龄后采食量均为处理3显著高于处理1、2（P〈0.05）,7周龄日增重处理3显著高于处理1、2（P〈0.05）,而料肉比则在第6~7周龄时处理1显著低于处理3（P〈0.05）,其它各周各处理间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。因此,北京油鸡雏鸡（7周龄前）在16L∶8D光周期下比12L∶12D、8L∶16D的采食时间长,利于雏鸡的采食量和体重的增加,但8L∶16D时的饲料利用效率比16L∶8D高。

The effects of three photoperiod regimes on feeding behavior （week 6-7）and growth performance （week 2-7） of Beijing You Chicken before 7 weeks old were discussed. One hundred sixty-two 1-day-old birds were randomly divided into three treatments which there were 54 birds in every treatment. The photoperiods were 23 h for all treatments from 1-3 d. Treatment 1,2 and 3,8L： 16D, 12L： 12D, 16L： 8D, were applied from 4-49 d, after which the photoperiod was 23L： 1D. The results showed that feeding frequency had rising trend in treatment 2,3 than birds in treatment 1. Feeding time including maximum,minimum duration and average duration were all higher in treatment 3 than birds in treatment 1 respectively （P〈0.05）. The duration percent in feeding were 18.41%,21.5%,24.74% in three treatments respectively. Feed intake was significant higher after weeks 5 old of chicken in treatment 3 than birds in treatment 1 and treatment 2 （P〈0.05）;Weight gain was significant higher at weeks 7 old of chicken in treatment 3 than birds in treatment 1 and treatment 2 （P〈0.05）;But in weeks 6-7 old of chicken,feed conversion efficiency was significant depressions in treatment 3 than birds in treatment 1 （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences among treatments in other weeks old in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency （P〉0.05）. Therefore, there has longer feeding time in photoperiod of 16L：8D than birds in photoperiod of 8L： 16D,which more feed intake and weight gain of chicken in latter term. But feed conversion efficiency was higher in photoperiod of 8L： 16D than birds in photoperiod of 16L：8D.