艺徒制度:中国古代“工艺学校”技术传承研究

Apprenticeship System: Study on the Technology Transmission of Ancient "Craft School" in China

艺徒制度是古代官府手工业技术传承的主要模式。其以工商食官为总体制度背景,因官业办学而与官府手工业盛衰相伴。自西周,艺徒制度的工师选择、立样程准、严格学程、令丞试工等技术传承环节逐步成熟。其技术官守、法式授艺、因能分任、技艺压抑的内在特征彰显出存在合理性与冲突并存。时代变迁,但仍有极具价值的启示意义。

Apprenticeship system was the main technology transmission mode of ancient feudal official handicraft industry. It took the industrial, commercial and food officer as the overall system background, and was rising and falling with the official school and feudal official handicraft industry. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the apprenticeship system gradually became mature. Its intrinsic characteristics such as technical official, imparting knowledge underlines the coexistence of rationality and conflict. With the changing of the times, it still has valuable enlightenments.