乡村旅游开发中农业景观特质性的保护研究

The Protection of Agricultural Landscape Characteristics in Rural Tourism Development

农业景观的特质性是农耕活动千百年演变积累下来的人地关系,表现为所在地域自然环境特征与人文地理特征叠加的土地形态,是具有生产、生活、生态"三生"功能的景观系统。在乡村旅游开发过程中,若缺乏对农业景观特质性全面、深入的认识,盲目采用城市景观建设方法来指导农业景观的建设,将导致农业景观特质性核心价值的消失与乡土特色的丧失。农业景观资源的科学旅游开发利用已经成为亟待研究的重要问题。文章首先分析乡村旅游开发中的农业景观特质性保护和开发利用面临的主要问题,然后依据农业景观特质性的"三生"功能,提出整体性、资源可持续发展、地域分异与协调共生原则以及农业景观特质性的系统保护模式,并以广东南海西樵旅游开发中西樵山七星村的传统特色农业景观"桑基鱼塘"有机再生为例,分析如何在旅游开发中实现农业景观特质性的有效保护和可持续利用。

Agricultural landscape refers to various forms of agricultural land formed due to historical or cultural factors, with the rural settlement and its surrounding natural environment as the background and agricultural activities （farming, animal husbandry, etc. ） as its base. The typical agricultural landscape includes ＂Mulberry- Dike-Fish-Ponds＂, ＂terrace farming＂, ＂fish-raising in rice fields＂, etc.. Agricultural landscape has its own features, which represent the unique artificial ecosystem established over thousands of years of farming activities. They are also land forms based on the geography, climate, soil, hydrology and other environmental factors in rural areas, in combination with unique features of local history, society, economy, and culture. In the process of developing rural tourism, a lack of comprehensive and deep understanding of agricultural landscape features embedded with farming history and culture, or blind adoption of methods in urban landscape construction will lead to the loss of the core value of agricultural landscape and rural characteristics. In order to maintain the features of agricultural landscape resources in rural areas in developing rural tourism, scientific explorations in agricultural landscape resources have become essential to research. According to this essay, in order to protect agricultural landscape features, a deep understanding of the systematic functions of agricultural production, people＇ s life and the ecology is first and foremost; this could then be followed by the principles of integrity, sustainable development of resources, regional differentiation and coordinated coexistence. Under the guidance of these principles, it is imperative to monitor and evaluate the forms of agricultural landscape and ecological system by in-depth field investigation and with computer-aided GIS, RS and other modern technologies. The planning schemes of development of rural tourism landscape are proposed on the basis of these investigations and need to gain multidisciplinary scientific evidences. The subsequent construction and management should proceed in accordance with the protection of agricultural natural landscape and maintenance of local culture. In the process of tourism development, real-time control and management in the quantity and quality of the regional agriculture landscape and utilization of the ecological environment should be implemented, so should the structure of ecological system in agricultural landscape maintained in order to realize effective protection and sustainable use of agricultural landscape. With tourism development and organic regeneration in the traditional agriculture landscape of ＂Mulberry-Dike-Fish-Ponds＂ located in Seven-stars village, Xiqiao town, Nanhai city, Guangdong province as a case for study, this paper discusses how to realize effective protection and sustainable utilization of agricultural landscape features in tourism development. The ＂ organic regeneration＂ of ＂ Mulberry-Dike-Fish-Ponds＂ of agricultural landscape is to respect its inner structure and mechanism of ecological system, to make further improvement according to the conditions of the new era and need of meeting new function requirements, to carry out ascension transformation, to restore its biological cycles of the ecological system mechanism structure and the Field- edge fish ponds modification for tree planting, and at the same time to recover its biological cycles and structure relationship between Field-edge and fish ponds with consideration of leisure travel and promoting wetland landscapes. Therefore, the deserted Mulberry-Dike-Fish-ponds system will not be simply constructed to be lakes, ponds or paved plaza for tourism development. By exploring, protecting and maintaining the features of agricultural landscape, the Seven-star Village has turned ＂ Mulberry-Dike-Fish-Ponds ＂ into a tourism region with its characteristics in agricultural production, people＇ s life and the ecology, as well as an agriculture base known for its pollution-free fruits, vegetables and fish.