“和谐”与“伦人”的心理社会均衡模式——心理文化学角度的探讨

The Psycho-social Homeostatus (PSH) Pattern of “Harmony” and “Lun-jen Human Relations”

中国人的基本人际状态的特点是:亲属集团在"心理社会均衡"模式中占据至高无上的地位。由于亲属集团成员的资格具有恒定、自动和不可转换的特点,个体生活在一个高度稳定、较容易得到心理社会均衡的亲密圈子中。与之相联系的两个层面的心理文化取向是"人伦中心"和"人与人之间的彻底和谐"。这些特点不仅反映在中国人的日常行为上,也反映在中国这个行为体对"外部世界"的态度和行为上。当今中国提出的"和谐"理念的心理文化基础有消极和积极两种含义,消极意义的和谐是指伦人这种基本人际状态具有较高的均衡度,行为体的行为较趋于静态、消极、内敛;积极意义的和谐是指在伦人这种基本人际状态下,人们有一种把人际关系的和谐作为最值得追求的东西而加以提倡的价值取向,这种价值取向将行为导向追求和谐的方向。

The characteristics of the basic Chinese interpersonal status are: the group of relatives occupies the supreme position in the Psycho-social Homeostasis ( PSH) pattern. Since the requirements to be a member of the relatives group are constant,automatic,and unchangeable,the individual lives in a highly stable and a tight-knit circle that is easily PSH balanced. The two related psycho-cultural orientation levels are 'Jen-centered orientation'and 'complete harmony among men. 'These characteristics are not only reflected in Chinese daily behavior,but also in China's attitude and behavior to the'outside world. 'The psycho-cultural basis of the idea of'harmony'put forward by modern China has both negative and positive meanings. In a negative sense,the interpersonal relationships of 'lun-jen'possess a fairly high degree of equilibrium, and the behavior of the actor inclines to stasis,conservativeness,and introversion; In contrast,'harmony'in its positive sense lead people to see the most valuable thing worth striving for as harmony in interpersonal relations,while this orientation of values directs behavior towards the pursuit of harmony.