欧洲对外行动署的法律定位与机构设计

The Legal Status and Institutional Structure of European External Action Service(EEAS)

欧洲对外行动署(EEAS)是《里斯本条约》在对外关系领域中的重要机构创新之一。本文从欧盟法的角度对欧洲对外行动署进行认知和解读,讨论不同利益相关方在欧盟外交行动一体化中所处的立场和角色,体现这种新的一体化的复杂性和难度。文章首先探究欧洲对外行动署的诞生过程,从中反映欧盟机构与成员国对该机构设置的不同立场和观点;其次,分析欧洲对外行动署"功能自治"特征,比较它与欧盟其他机构的区别,探讨它在欧盟机构平衡中所处的位置;再次,文章讨论欧洲对外行动署的权力范围,分析它在哪些领域发挥作用。目前,EEAS的法律定位并不十分清楚,其架构具有过渡性,要达成欧盟对外关系领域中的一致性目标,还需要在成员国意愿的支持下做进一步的机构创新。

The creation of EEAS is one of the most important institutional innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty.The Council Decision 2010/427/EU transfers competences in most of the foreign policy areas to this new diplomacy corps.From the perspective of legal interpretations,this article provides a Chinese perception on the nature and functioning of the EEAS.Firstly,it describes the process leading to the birth of the EEAS started from the European Convention.Secondly,it analyses the functionally autonomous nature of the EEAS,its differences from the EU Institutions and other EU bodies,offices and agencies,and its status in litigation.Thirdly,it explores the range of the competences and administrative structure of the EEAS.The author concludes that the EEAS' legal status is not so clear-cut as that of the other EU agencies,whose structure is still in transition.