畜禽养殖废物农用对蔬菜铬含量的影响

Effect of Local Livestock Waste Using as Fertilizer on Pollution of Chromium in Vegetables

选取福州城郊典型蔬菜种植区,调查分析了猪粪农用和污灌对土壤和蔬菜铬含量的影响。结果表明:施用猪粪及污灌条件下菜地土壤铬含量是未施用猪粪菜地土壤的1.35～2.75倍;蔬菜各器官铬浓度顺序为根>叶>茎;施用猪粪及污灌后,蔬菜不同器官铬浓度提高到未施用猪粪的1.14～5.82倍,尤其是食用块茎铬浓度提高最大;施用猪粪及污灌后,铬元素在蔬菜各器官的分配格局发生改变,根部份额减小,茎、叶份额增大(尤其食用部位),以马铃薯食用块茎铬浓度份额增大最明显。因此,畜禽养殖废物农用增加了蔬菜食用的安全风险。

With the application of modem technique of breeding domestic livestock, heavy metals are added into the feeding material of live- stock, then some of them may be remained into the livestock waste after the livestock＇ s absorption. If the waste is reused directly as fertilizers in the field, it will potentially lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetable or cereal through soil. We selected the traditional veg- etable fields in suburb of Fuzhou, analyzed the chromium content in local typical vegetables in fields both with pig farm wastes as fertilizer and without pig wastes at the meantime, then assessed the heavy metal pollution impact on vegetables caused by the application of pig farm wastes. Results showed that chromium content in soil samples with pig farm wastes as fertilizer was 1.35-2.75 times of that in soil samples without pig farm wastes; Chromium content in vegetable root arrived at the highest level among the whole plant, then leaf and stem, it meant that chromium in vegetable was quite inactive; Chromium content in different organs of the vegetable with pig farm wastes as fertilizer was 1.14-5.82 times of that without pig farm wastes, the highest was edible stem or leaves of vegetables. With pig farm wastes as the fertilizer, the distribution pattern of chromium content in the organs of vegetables was changed, chromium element percentage in root decreased while increased in edible leaf or stem, for example, the highest chromium concentration of potato was in edible stem. Therefore, using waste of live- stock as fertilizer may increase the security risks of vegetables.